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"All roads lead to Capitalism. Slaves are imported from the Third World, which is being ruthlessly exploited by the Capitalists for its raw materials, in order to control the labour market in the western world. Capital is exported to developing countries like China and India in order to make the money grow thanks to yet more slaves and at the expense of the environment. Capitalism must have Growth at all costs, but only for itself and, to this end, it feeds off the world." Beppe Grillo
Economist Nino Galloni’s Passaparola
Recovery takes time
Good day to all the friends of Beppe Grillo’s Blog. My name is Nino Galloni and I’m an economist by profession. Today I wanted to review the merits of a number of fundamental economic issues relating to our Country’s economy, but not only our economy. Let’s start with the issue of public debt and ask ourselves how come we have such a high level of public debt? Well, because in the early ‘80s it was decided to fund both productive and other public expenses, even the fight against terrorism, by issuing bonds bearing high rates of interest. At the time, the political and monetary authorities’ plan was aimed at cutting out a certain ruling class that was making too many investments, the kind of investments that had made Italy great. The other aim was to cut the legs off many small-medium size firms that were deemed to be essentially unproductive. The end result, however, was that interest rates increase exponentially and contributed to doubling our public debt. All other things being equal, if we had followed the advice of other leading economists who were instead totally marginalised, our current public debt would be somewhere between 60% and 65% of GDP.
A lot is said about this public debt, or sovereign debt, however, if the truth be told, paradoxically it would be better if less was said about it because it is nota s important as they would have us believe. For example, Greece’s public debt is only 1/8 of what has been lost because of all that has been said about it since last summer. Italy’s public debt as a percentage of GDP can be very easily reduced by simply increasing our GDP! Precisely the opposite of what has been done to date. We can go ahead and invest public money. An article written by Federico Rampini and published on no less than page one of La Repubblica spoke about these new, modern monetary theories. These are anything but modern theories; they are the monetary theories of the serious post-Keynesian thinkers that have always highlighted the fact that the issuing of money or low-interest bonds is not the problem. The problem is simply that we can only continue to issue new monetary vehicles for as long as our technology enables us to keep up by providing sufficient goods and services. Unlike the case of days gone by, today our technology can provide us with unlimited goods and services so that every human being could have everything he/she needs, however, there are certain interests that seek to prevent this from happening.
Problems only start to emerge when the distribution of goods and services is hampered for some or other reason, for example during the course of the recent Pitchfork Demonstration when products were prevented from getting to their destination so the prices went up. Another example is the current confusion surrounding petroleum products. If the truth be told, a litre of fuel should cost somewhere between 20 and 40 cents, depending on the type of fuel, the rest however, as we all know, is made up of levies and market speculation and strangulation. Then, obviously, if they used the currently available technology to produce motorcars that cost one hundredth or even one thousandth of what our current vehicles cost to run, then not only the problem of transportation costs but also the problem of pollution would be solved once and for all.
It seems to me that the current government has made the same old mistake of saying: “First we must get the public accounts back in check, then we can worry about economic recovery”. In actual fact the precise opposite is true in that a healthy economic recovery is what we need in order to get the public accounts back in check, as was proven by the disaster of the Maastricht parameters throughout Europe, parameters that were only more or less achieved by Germany, simply because Germany’s is a more highly developed economy. All the other less developed countries have a catastrophe on their hands from the point of view of these indicators.
Solutions that hit the people hard
Italy has hastened to embark on a path that will lead to a worsening of the crisis if the drop in consumption results in a drop in the level of supply.
We talk a lot about recession but instead we should be fighting it, otherwise there is a risk that the recession will get worse. The reality is that the world as we know it is changing, most firms are not making any profits and if they’re not making profits then all they’re doing is trying to hang in there to survive, to watch their resources and at least to offer their stakeholders some sort of present if not a future. What this does is ensure that the supply remains more stable than expected instead of changing according to demand, which offers some sort of temporary salvation. However, if the level of supply were to crash, we would all be up the creek without a paddle because prices would increase and income levels would drop!
The apparently easiest solutions, those that hit the people hard such as increasing taxes, lower efficiency of the public services and the cutting of consumption and public servants’ salaries are all wrong and are precisely what leads to a slowdown in development, or rather economic stagnation. We should be doing precisely the opposite, within the limits of what is possible. It’s true that everyone should cut their coat according to their cloth, however, applying standard public service contracts and replacing “easy” public service employment practices such as employing recommended candidates, short term contracts and useless consultancy contracts with sustainable real jobs is the main way of balancing the public accounts, increasing contribution levels and ensuring labour stability!
The problem arose back in the early 80’s when the monetary authorities at the time, namely Italian Central Bank Governor Carlo Azeglio Ciampi and Treasury Minister Beniamino Andreatta chose to go the route of increasing bond interests rates, total separation of the Treasury and the Italian Central Bank and the non-coverage of even the most basic and essential costs of economic development recovery by issuing public bonds with extremely high rates of interest. What was needed at the time was industrial restructuring but, as former Italian Central Bank Governor Paolo Baffi once said, they had to have growing demand so that the restructuring could be done with fewer workers being laid off because more lay-offs in turn meant more unemployment benefits and fewer workers meant less contributions coming in, more public spending and therefore a growth in public debt.
At the moment we are still fairly far from where Greece is because we have production diversification and an adequate level of supply but, should the level of supply drop and our level of production diversification decrease, we could very well head down the same route that Greece has gone. The route that Greece has gone is one in which the country grows too little and therefore the importance of debt increases. If I make debt, it means that I have to have sufficient income to repay that debt, but if you prevent me from having an income that enables me to repay the debt, then you are effectively chaining me up!
At the International level, the most important issue is the 16 trillion Dollars that the Federal Reserve has bestowed on the troubled banks to help their liquidity, which is essentially the very same thing that the European Central Bank has done too, namely printing money like there’s no tomorrow. Draghi has recognised this and we are probably headed for an unexpected period of significant growth in terms of the financial tools. If this goes, and continues to go hand in hand with a corresponding ability by the technology to produce adequate quantities of products and services, not only won’t we have inflation, but we will probably come out of this crisis.
In conclusion, therefore, the liberalist paradigm which says that you must free resources with less tax and less public spending, in other words first get the public accounts in order before starting a recovery, has been refuted by the facts. However, it is unlikely that the new paradigms will prevail because the old ruling class, the one that has been responsible for the current situation over the past 30-odd years, continues to sit on the fence, so let’s get a move on and spread the word!
Postated by Beppe Grillo at 06:46 AM in Information | Comments (0) | Comments in Italian (translated) | Write | Sign up | Send to a friend

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Postated by Beppe Grillo at 08:29 PM in Economics | Comments (0) | Comments in Italian (translated) | Write | Sign up | Send to a friend

Postated by Beppe Grillo at 06:37 PM in Wailing Wall | Comments (0) | Comments in Italian (translated) | Write | Sign up | Send to a friend

Postated by Beppe Grillo at 04:34 PM in Wailing Wall | Comments (0) | Comments in Italian (translated) | Write | Sign up | Send to a friend
Journalist and authorGianfrancesco Turano's Passaparola,
Lotito’s "Lazio" and Pozzo’s "Udinese"
Good day to all the friends of Beppe Grillo’s Blog. My name is Gianfrancesco Turano, I work as a journalist for the “L’Espresso” newspaper and I have just published my latest book, which is entitled “ Fuorigioco” (literally “Offside”). It is a great book that talks about 10 Presidents of “Serie A” teams, the main ones being Moratti, Berlusconi, Di Benedetto, Lotito, Della Valle, Zamparini, Pozzo and De Laurentis, the real bosses of our football system. Theoretically at least, this system was originally established to provide pure entertainment, but it then went via the economic system and became entertainment, yes, but entertainment Italian-style, in other words strongly influenced by a political component. Theoretically, entrepreneurs get into the football scene in order to make money and for some time already the Italian teams have been proper limited share holding companies that are often owned by the large corporations, as is the case with Fininvest, which has a controlling interest in the “Milan” team, the Gruppo Della Valle, which has a controlling interest in the “Fiorentina” team and Filmauro, which has a controlling interest in De Laurentis’ “Napoli” Team. In theory, these football clubs’ objective is profit, pity that they usually fail to achieve this objective, indeed they fail miserably, with truly horrendous consequences from a financial point of view.
A case in point is Moratti’s “Inter”, which has no backing group and has managed to lose 1 billion and 350 million Euro since Moratti’s arrival on the scene back in ’94. So why then are the entrepreneurs getting involved in football, you ask? What is their main reason for doing so? We have to assume that many of them obviously do so because football is their passion, as is the case with Moratti, because he (himself) has never had any major political interests. We do know, however, that certain members of his family do indeed have political interests because Letizia, for example, was a minister for Forza Italia and was also Mayor of Milan. As for the others, the main one being Silvio Berlusconi, have built their entire political careers on the back of football and in some cases we have even seen that it is politics that has asked the entrepreneur to take over a football club, but why does this occur? It’s obvious: because a small, medium or large football club, whatever the case may be, is not only a team, but can also constitute a huge political party. The “Juventus” football club, for example, is effectively a party made up of more than 10 million fans, and the same thing goes for the “Milan” and the “Inter” teams. This would be sufficient to, how shall I say, justify the comparison between politics and business in football. If the truth be told, there have been cases where a politician has gone to knock at the businessman’s door in order to urge him to take over a football club.
Let me quote an example, namely the case of Claudio Lotito. Claudio Lotito took over the “Lazio” team at a time when the Rome club was controller by Sergio Cragnotti’s Cirio Company, which had just gone bung. At the time, Lotito was a semi-unknown little businessman who worked in the cleaning sector, a sector that is, in turn, heavily reliant on good relations with politicians because that type of business relies on tender contracts awarded by local authorities, public bodies and companies controlled by public shareholders. So they asked the businessman to take over the football club because the “Lazio” team simply could not be allowed to go belly-up. Any other limited shareholding company would have been obliged to take their accounts to Court, but the “Lazio” team could not be left to the same fate because the Lazio fans, and the Lazio “Ultras”, a group that has often been infiltrated by people with extreme right-wing tendencies, had already made it very clear that if the Lazio team was allowed to go bung, then they would simply start breaking furniture. After a series of demonstrations by the Lazio Ultras, Silvio Berlusconi stated that the “Lazio” team could not be allowed to go under due to the potential risk to public law and order so, and here we’re talking about 2003/2004, his government decided to create a provision, specifically for the “Lazio” club, that would enable the club to pay off their huge tax and contribution debt in 23 easy instalments. If I remember correctly, these debts will only finally be paid off in 2027. 23 Instalments would be like manna from heaven for anyone who owes money to Equitalia or the Receiver of Revenue, a dream that is obviously not for everyone, yet the “Lazio” club succeeded.
There’s another example, in the form of the “Udinese” football club. The “Udinese” football club is another exception, like the “Milan” club, that has been owned by the same person for a very long time, in this case by Giampaolo Pozzo who has been there for the past 26 years, just as long as Silvio Berlusconi. Both began their tenure back in 1986. When Pozzi took over “Udinese”, the club had just got over, or rather was still trying to get over a major crisis because the club had had its heyday with Zico, the great Brazilian footballer, and was facing financial difficulty. The Friuli Venezia Giulia Regional Administration, the Udine Provincial Administration and the Udine Municipal Administration, in other words the politicians, were doing everything in their power to find a solution and so they found this engineering entrepreneur, a man that manufactured drills and cutters for a living. And so Giampaolo Pozzo became President of the “Udinese” football club and one of the few people that still today manage to show a profit via a football team, but this is merely of secondary importance. Why do I say that it is merely of secondary importance, you ask? Well, for the very reason that I mentioned earlier. It is of secondary importance because the main thing, the main assurance that a team President has to be able to give the politicians is that the fans will be happy and that the future is looking great for the “Serie A” because “Serie A” equals public peace, a kind of political/sporting stability that makes fans accept the status-quo, at least to some extent.
Another example we can mention is one from very long ago, namely Achille Lauro’s “Napoli” club. Achille Lauro, who was one of the movers and shakers of the Monarchy Party, became President of the “Napoli” football club in order to exploit the power of football fans for political purposes.
Berlusconi’s “Milan” and Zamparini’s “Palermo”
So you see, Silvio Berlusconi did not come up with a new idea after all. In any event his story is different because his relationship with the “Milan” football club is somewhat particular. As we know, he obviously purchased the “Milan” football club, although he was a luke-warm “Inter” supporter and was not particularly interested in football anyway. First he unsuccessfully tried to buy Fraizzoli’s “Inter” before purchasing Farina’s “Milan” club, which was in the process of declaring bankruptcy. Please note that he snapped up the club in Court, and that for very little money. When “Milan” became winners, he made his move into politics. He then also proceeded to win the elections in ‘94 and after having used “Milan” as a springboard, including Capello, the trainer and the managers, the Milanello press conferences became like a political grandstand where players, trainers and technical staff members made propaganda on behalf of the newly-established Forza Italia Party. When the issue of conflict of interests arose, and it arose immediately and remained in the spotlight ever since, people began raising the problem of this man who was simultaneously Prime Minister, head of the largest political party in Italy, one of the biggest businessmen in the television sector and, just by the bye, also happened to own the “Milan” football club. In 2004, then Minister Franco Frattini decided to settle the conflict of interests issue once and for all. Thanks to the Frattini Law, Berlusconi was obliged to step down as President of the “Milan” football club and he then appointed a man by the name of Adriano Galliani as Executive Vice President to take his place, at which point, as Michele Serra said at the time, he ostensibly became nothing more than the owner of the club. He obviously did much the same thing with Fininvest and then with Mediaset. But what is happening now? When the last Berlusconi Government fell and Mario Monti moved into Palazzo Chigi, Berlusconi no longer had any conflict of interest problems, so the first thing that was rumoured in his family circle is that he would go back to being President of the “Milan” football club. The first person to say this was his daughter Barbara, in an interview with La Gazzetta. Barbara is the only one of Berlusconi’s five children that has shown any real interest in the “Milan” football club and, in front of the television cameras after Milan’s four nil win over Arsenal in the Champion’s League, he stated that you simply cannot say no to a daughter and that he would therefore probably be coming back as President of “Milan”. He states that he will not be standing for re-election to the post of Prime Minister in 2013 but that he may be back as President of the “Milan” football club. So Berlusconi’s story goes something like this: he is a businessman, he buys the “Milan” football club, from “Milan” he goes into politics and now he is going to go from politics back to “Milan”. It is a triangle that many people have interpreted in their own way. One interpretation of Berlusconi’s return as President of “Milan” could be as follows: At the moment, Berlusconi is outside the political scene and he is no longer in all the newspapers, which for him is a tragedy since he is used to seeing five or six pages in every newspaper dedicated to him and being in a position to dictate policy, even to the opposition, but now this has all but disappeared. For someone like Berlusconi who thrives on media exposure, he sees this as a threat, so one interpretation of his return to “Milan” could be that, as President of the club, he could make some sort of a comeback, something that politics has denied him. Also because he states that “I will not be standing for re-election in 2013”, but this would certainly not be the first time that he has said one thing and then promptly done something else.
Zamparini is President of the “Palermo” football club. He is a businessman from the Friuli region who initially bought the “Venezia” football club before buying the “Palermo” club. He originally went down to Sicily because he wanted to build a large shopping mall, but he then proceeded to buy the “Palermo” football club, a club that was down and out in “Serie C”, and he was obviously successful because he managed to take the club all the way back up to “Serie A”. He made a great name for himself, which made him decide a few months ago, in 2011 to be precise, to establish the “Movimento per la Gente” (literally the People’s Movement”). This is a populist type of movement whose main aim is to engineer a sort of recovery and a liberation from the tyranny of Equitalia. Zamparini has said that he does not personally want to go into politics, but rather to establish a patently political movement, so this is yet another example of that triangle arrangement that we spoke about earlier with regard to Berlusconi. The entrepreneur buys a football club and moves into politics after supposedly being pressured to do so since the “Palermo” football club has always had a decidedly political flavour: one of the most recent Presidents of the “Palermo” football club, back in the early 2000s was former trade unionist and former General Secretary of C.I.S.L., Sergio D’Antoni, who subsequently moved on from trade unionism to politics with the creation of a centrist/post Christian Democratic party. Even today, the Vice President of the “Palermo” football club is one of the Micciché brothers, brother of Micciché the politician: the third brother, Guglielmo, is the brother of Gianfranco the politician and Gaetano, one of Italy’s biggest bankers who works for the Intesa San Paolo Banking Group.
Another historical feature of the “Palermo” football team is it has always had a problem with infiltration by the Cosa Nostra. Indeed, at certain times the club was even controlled by the Cosa Nostra and run by managers who had very close ties with the Costa Nostra. What with Zamparini’s intention to build a new shopping mall in the Partanna Mondello area near the old Zen, and the plans for a new stadium, the Cosa Nostra once again began to raise its head, so what happened next, you ask? Well, to cut a long story short, what happened is that Zamparini suddenly found the Mafia knocking at his door. One of the “Palermo” trainers relived one of the scenes from the first Godfather movie when the severed head of a deer was left on his doorstep at home. At that point his first reaction was to ignore the threat totally – all credit to him, obviously – and so he rejected the pressure being applied by the Mafia, also thanks to his close personal friendship with Piero Grasso, the Super-Prosecutor who works for the National Anti-Mafia Directorate and is also an ardent “Palermo” supporter. Somehow Grasso stepped in to help his friend Zamparini and protect his favourite team against the Mafia threats. This episode proves just how intertwined politics and football really are because the Cosa Nostra always tries its best to get its hands on many companies down in Sicily, but not on “Palermo”, no way. There’s simply no way with “Palermo” because of the direct involvement of the National Anti-Mafia Directorate. Perhaps it would be a good thing if they showed the same level of involvement when it comes to other companies too.
Di Benedetto, a sign of something new
Now let’s open a new window on Di Benedetto. The biggest sign of new things to come that I mention in my book is the appearance of Thomas Di Benedetto’s name amongst the Presidents of the various Italian football clubs. But why is this a sign of something new? Well, because the “Serie A” has pretty much always been a kind of “old-boys club” when it comes to club ownership and foreigners have only been welcomed as right wings as opposed to full backs, but the club owners have always been Italians, and top-dogs at that. Di Benedetto is a US citizen and, notwithstanding his Campania roots, he comes from Boston and, together with his partners because he is not going it alone, he has introduced, or rather intends to introduce an American management style at the “Roma” football club, so here’s another case of someone saying I’m going to buy “Roma” because “Roma” will make me money. The strange thing about Di Benedetto is that his political/entrepreneurial background is very reminiscent of those of his “Serie A” colleagues. Di Benedetto, who has worked in the real estate and finance fields, also happens to be President of a major lobby group located in K Street in Washington, which is very near to the White House and the preferred address for all the major US lobby groups. Back in the early 80’s Di Benedetto was a man with political inclinations who was very close to the Reagan Administration and, at this time, when the collapse of the Soviet Union seemed to be very, very far away, he was one of the top western businessmen who were doing business in the Soviet Union at the time. Later, when the Soviet Union eventually collapsed, he was right there, snapping up abandoned military barracks and land.
When he came along to build the new stadium, he somehow had to come to some agreement with the politicians, so he had to meet with Alemanno, Provincial Premier Zingaretti and Ms. Polverini. Therefore, to some extent at least, even our American friend had to adapt when he comes to Italy.
This book of mine has been a gesture of love to football. I am no less passionate about football than your average Italian and indeed perhaps I am even a little more passionate about it. That is precisely why I tried to show those who are as passionate as I am what goes on behind the scenes so that, the next time you go and watch a match, have fun and support your team by all means but, for heaven’s sake, spread the word and don’t vote for them!
Postated by Beppe Grillo at 06:57 AM in Information | Comments (0) | Comments in Italian (translated) | Write | Sign up | Send to a friend

Postated by Beppe Grillo at 06:44 PM in Politics | Comments (0) | Comments in Italian (translated) | Write | Sign up | Send to a friend

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Postated by Beppe Grillo at 08:16 AM in Wailing Wall | Comments (0) | Comments in Italian (translated) | Write | Sign up | Send to a friend

Postated by Beppe Grillo at 08:16 PM in Politics | Comments (0) | Comments in Italian (translated) | Write | Sign up | Send to a friend

Postated by Beppe Grillo at 08:21 PM in Information | Comments (2) | Comments in Italian (translated) | Write | Sign up | Send to a friend
Rapahel Rossi's Passaparola,
In Scampia, 64% of all the urban solid waste collected is differentiated waste
Good day to all the friends of Beppe Grillo’s Blog. My name is Raphael Rossi and I am a specialised differentiated waste disposal technician with particular emphasis on door to door differentiated waste collection, which is the area where the most positive results can be achieved. Today I’m going to talk about the current state of affairs concerning solid urban waste disposal in Italy, but above all I’m going to talk about what are potentially the best practices that can be implemented by regions, town councils and administrators throughout the Country in order to achieve some excellent results in terms of differentiated urban waste removal. This is because differentiated waste removal, in other words separating the various different types of solid urban refuse prior to collection so that they can actually be sent for recycling instead of being collected all together and going through an incinerator or worse still, directly for disposal, and thereby becoming a potential source of ground and air pollution. In either case it amounts to a waste of resources and a risk of environmental pollution. Instead, by separating the various types of refuse, we are actually able to recycle many of these waste products and give them a new life.
Here in Italy, the bulk of the refuse generated by the Italians lands up at the waste disposal sites and the level of differentiated waste disposal accounts for a mere 25%, nowhere near the levels achieved in other Countries where only a small fraction of their solid urban waste is burned in incinerators or lands up at the waste disposal sites. The reality here in Italy is very different indeed. Certain Regions have already managed to reach regional average differentiated waste disposal levels in excess of 50% whereas, unfortunately, certain other regions continue to hover around the 10% level. It must be pointed out that these are all very recent figures because until just a few years ago it was believed to be impossible to achieve differentiated waste disposal figures of 50 or 60% in the large towns, but only in small towns and villages. Nowadays all or most large Italian cities and towns have introduced some sort of door-to-door differentiated waste collection system, achieving rates of 50 to 55% and in some cases even 60% differentiated waste collection. In Turin, across roughly half of the city door-to-door differentiated waste collection has reached 60% while one specific quarter of Rome achieved 65% differentiated waste collection already a few years ago, and in Naples, which is a very, very complex city indeed both from a social and an urbanisation point of view, some excellent results have been achieved in certain areas where door-to-door refuse collection was begun, with some areas even achieving around 65% differentiated refuse collection.
In the Scampia quarter, the latest one in which this system was implemented and a very difficult one from a social point of view, they have achieved 64% differentiated waste collection, an excellent result from a quantitative point of view and a great effort because if a door-to-door differentiated waste collection programme is implemented carefully it is always a good thing, what matters is not only the quantity but also the quality. Unfortunately, the downside of all communal rubbish skips is that all it takes is one careless user to negate the efforts of all the other conscientious users whereas, in the case of systems that rely on domestic or individual rubbish bins, in other words where a bin is allocated to each individual household, it is possible to do some quality control and to warn or fine the people that behave badly.
The importance of organic refuse
The cases I have just mentioned are merely some excellent and laudable exceptions, such as the one of Naples where the areas where they have introduced door-to-door differentiated waste collection the rate has reached 60%, because the overall rate for the city of Naples as a whole is sitting at around a mere 22%. In Turin, the areas we spoke about earlier and where they have door-to-door differentiated waste collection they have achieved a figure of 60%, however, the overall rate for the entire city is a mere 40%, so the situation here in Italy is really a case of areas of light and shadow, like leopard spots if you will, with certain virtuous areas achieving levels as high as 75 or 80% differentiated waste collection whereas in certain other areas the differentiated waste collection levels drop as low as 10%. What this means is that overall we are sending tens of millions of cubic metres of recyclable waste to the disposal sites each year, around 20 million cubic metres to be precise, thereby creating a huge headache for future generations, which will be obliged at some point in the future to rehabilitate all that land that we have ruined and wasted.
It is extremely important for us to increase the levels of differentiated waste collection and for all our town councillors to implement virtuous systems for collecting not only solid urban waste, those that are currently collected by the Conai, in other words not only glass, not only plastic packaging materials, not only aluminium and the waste from the consortiums of the production chain, but also the organic waste, the kitchen waste, which is so simple and easy to recycle. It is easy to see how an apple can go from our plate to be collected as differentiated waste and land up as compost, after all, this process has been happening in nature since time immemorial, so all we have to do is to do the same thing on an industrial scale. It is far more difficult to understand that, in the case of the apple, if we simply chuck it in with all sorts of other rubbish, it suddenly becomes a pollution factor because, when it is dumped at the waste disposal site together with all manner of other rubbish, like batteries for example, that same apple will contribute to the production of percolate and therefore turns into a potential pollutant. In the same way, if that apple is eventually sent to the incinerator, it will require a certain amount of energy to burn it because it is mostly made up of water. It is extremely important for all Italian town and city councils to implement systems for the separate collection of organic refuse and kitchen refuse, not least of which because Italy is currently a net importer of compost from abroad so, given that we need compost and potting soil for our nurseries and even for planting geraniums in our gardens, it is interesting to note that it is normally imported from abroad, yet here in Italy we continue to simply chuck away an awful lot of organic refuse.
Aiming for zero waste
Let’s define these systems: a door-to-door differentiated refuse collection system is a system that involves the use of small containers allocated to individual families or to entire apartment blocks. These containers are situated at the roadside from where they are collected and emptied regularly, in accordance with a predetermined schedule. The interesting thing about this system is that the container is no longer totally anonymous and for general use, but it is marked either with a code or a specific name, so everyone immediately knows that it is allocated to Raphael Rossi rather than Mario Bianchi. The Turin case is particularly interesting because the level of differentiated refuse collection in Turin increased from 2% to 42% between 1995 and 2010, an increase that could easily be viewed as being merely a gradual increase, bit by bit and year by year, a series of small efforts that eventually produced results. This official data from the Turin City Council includes a graph showing that the level of differentiated waste collection in those areas where a door-to-door collection service has been implemented stands at about 60%, as you can see from the green bar on the chart, whereas in those areas where the differentiated waste collection is done on a street-by-street basis, the average is only 25 to 30%, which tells us that the type of differentiated waste collection system implement has a major impact on the results achieved and that door-to-door differentiated collection systems produce excellent results.
Then there are other town councils that have set even more ambitious differentiated refuse collection targets. As you know, that the European Union has set a minimum differentiated refuse collection target of 65% and an active re cycling target of 50% so, in essence, what the European Union is saying is that it is not enough to do differentiated waste collection, but that everything that is collected as differentiated waste must then be recycled. There are certain town councils that have set themselves yet another target in addition to the already ambitious targets set by the EU, namely to aim for zero waste, which is obviously a policy objective, by which they are saying: “Let’s look beyond the obstacles to find some way of viewing the residual refuse, in other words the stuff that has to be taken to the disposal sites, the stuff that simply cannot be differentiated, as a mere planning error and then begin to plan in a different way so that this refuse ceases to exist and no longer has a negative impact on the environment”. The long-term objective is a society where there is no such thing as refuse to be sent to some or other disposal site, but where everything is re-usable, recyclable and recoverable.
Achieving the target of zero waste means that after having achieved the highest possible level of differentiated waste collection and after having implemented every possible waste prevention and reduction initiative, such as opposing the sale and consumption of mineral water in plastic bottles, we have to decide what can be done with the residual refuse. I am a member of the Zero waste scientific committee set up by the Capannori Town Council and we meet every year to decide which item of refuse we would like to see eliminated and to set an objective to stop producing the said item. One year we looked at nappies, another year we looked at textiles and another year we looked at disposable coffee pods and it was absolutely amazing to see how these small items of refuse, which had suddenly become major items once everything else had been recycled, could actually also be recycled and in some cases even re-utilised.
Check up on your municipality
Now let’s touch on the problem of the cost of these door-to-door waste collection systems because in this way we can also begin to understand why these systems have not been adopted everywhere. In order to do this, we have to split the total cost of providing a differentiated waste collection service into two separate line items. On the one hand there is the cost of the people and the trucks that collect the refuse and, on the other hand, there is the cost of sending any undifferentiated refuse collected to an authorised disposal site or sending it to be burned in an incinerator. Door-to-door collection systems carry a higher cost, obviously because the containers are smaller, there are more of them to be emptied and they are located at private homes or apartment blocks rather than out in the streets so by definition it costs more to collect the refuse. However, these differentiated systems provide excellent results and instead of sending 75 of every 100 tons of refuse to the disposal site only 25 of every 100 tons will be sent for disposal. Therefore, if disposing of the refuse is so expensive it becomes cheaper to collect differentiated waste door-to-door while, on the contrary if disposing of the refuse is cheap, a sit still is at some of the older disposal sites or the old incinerators that perhaps don’t match the environmental standards of the newer ones, it may happen that door-to-door differentiated waste collection is not necessarily the cheapest system and, therefore, it has to be done for purely environmental or civil reasons instead of purely financial reasons. This is why, in certain parts of Italy, they have not yet introduced this kind of system and why a number of councillors claim that it has not been done because the costs are too high. It is important for us to tell these councillors that it may cost too much but let’s start by working out both the collection costs and the disposal costs for comparison.
The short term aim of differentiated waste collection is to repeat the Italian best practices in the rest of Italy and to expand the ***. This would enable us to increase the national level of differentiated waste collection to 60 or 70% within a very short space of time. Keep in mind that certain Italian Regions, like for example the Piedmont Region and the Veneto Region, already have differentiated waste collection levels of around 50%, so we can easily repeat this kind of performance throughout the rest of the Country. In the medium term we could even imagine being able to reduce that tiny portion of refuse that cannot currently be recycled to Zero.
So, what this Country’s citizens can indeed do is check up on their respective Town Councils, separate all their household refuse and make sure that their respective town councils are handling the differentiated waste properly, this by checking on the collection percentages achieved by their town councils and reminding their councillors that the law and all the European Union directives have set a minimum target of 65% for differentiated refuse and an overall target of 50% for the recycling of refuse. Therefore, what the members of the public and the councillors must do is to ensure that these targets are actually met.
Furthermore, in the interests of all of the above and in the interests of our environment, let’s not forget that we all simply must spread the word!
Postated by Beppe Grillo at 06:49 PM in Information | Comments (1) | Comments in Italian (translated) | Write | Sign up | Send to a friend

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Author Simone Perotti's Passaparola:
Thinking, examining and making changes.
Good day to all the friends of Beppe Grillo’s Blog. My name is Simone Perotti. I’m an author who worked in a company for 19 years before deciding to spend all of my time writing and sailing. I became a sailor in order to survive before my books began to become successful and to this day I continue to be a sailor, a skipper if you will, as well as a sailing instructor. I also clean boats and I do anything else that is related to the sea. Everything we do in life we normally do for one of two reasons, either for love or because we are forced to, in which case, any downsizing will no longer be the result of a personal choice as it has been for many people in recent years, in fact more so than what we may think, but rather the result of necessity since the great promise made by the System, namely that we would all leave the countryside and eventually even the factories to live in the city, and we would all have a collar and tie, a desk, a motorcar, a house and a middle class life will never materialise and is never going to happen. The system is no longer in a position to drain all the working resources to which it once had easy access, so it cannot provide what it promised and it can no longer provide wellbeing as promised so, in other words, it was either just one big lie or at least a serious error of judgement. The most serious and most unpleasant thing about the way things stand at the moment is the fact that the main role players in this system, the ones that actually conceived it and developed it are not doing any soul-searching whatsoever. I would perhaps still be prepared to accept the errors that were made and accept that it was all done in good faith … but now, unfortunately, things have become all too clear and what we need to hear is someone saying “We made a mistake!” We cannot accept a system such as this capitalist system that promises wellbeing for all and is then unable to deliver what has been promised, so our current capitalist system needs to be reviewed, and that’s something that people like Berlinguer, Pasolini and many others were already talking about back in 1977.
But no one listened to them. The time has come to do some serious soul-searching, yet neither Monti nor anyone else is doing any soul-searching and this is not a good thing. People cannot simply be expected to accept a change of direction without the leader admitting that mistakes were made in the first place.
There is no question that this downsizing has to take place and it is going to involve taking 1, 2, 3, 4 or perhaps 10 steps backward, which is obviously not going to be a painless process. When something is done for love, the motivation is strong and there is a certain amount of conviction involved. However, something that is done through necessity is different. These things have to be done without delay, immediately, even though these steps backward are going to be difficult for everyone that hasn’t been able to plan for them. Those people who have been living in a more sustainable manner for some time already, trying to consume less and spending less time at work because the extra income was not actually essential for living, in other words, those who have thought about the problem of consuming less, being more free and not having to work quite as hard, but doing just what is necessary in order to live, are now going to be far better off. The system needs to be changed because it is unsustainable and because there is another way that has to be looked at. It seems to me that our intellectuals and our economists have not made any attempt to come up with a new, workable system. We went from being a monarchy to being a Republic by first developing the political theory of Republicanism, a move away from feudalism and other earlier systems, by developing a new concept of organisation, but this is the first time in history that we will be changing from one system to another without anyone having sat down and theorised first, except perhaps for a few marginalised and vilified downsizing theorists who have given this some thought.
In any event, we have to change, even in the absence of any sort of guidelines, and this places the onus squarely on the shoulders of individuals who, as individuals, have to think it through, examine the options and then bring about change.
Getting back in touch with reality
Downsizing does not mean sitting on the couch and doing nothing all day, or not working simply for the satisfaction of being a lazy slob. Downsizing is a new model for development, not a plan for involution or non participation in the daily liturgy of an economy that is condemned to either grow or collapse. It doesn’t mean not having anything else to do and indeed not wishing to do anything at all. What it means is doing just enough and no more, consuming only what is actually necessary and no more, envisaging a kind of development of our Country that is based on different things since our Country has no energy resources or mineral wealth, and based on other things that are far more important, such as our landscapes and our many abandoned villages that need to be recovered. New construction is not possible because we don’t have the room, so we have to recover our earlier and even ancient buildings that are just sitting there waiting to be renovated, inter alia also in order to protect the land from the landslides and ground collapses that are increasingly becoming regular events. What we need to do is to clean up this Country so as to turn it into a garden and to clean up our seas. Simply cleaning up our coastline and our seas will keep tens of thousands of people busy for a good long time, while turning this Country into a veritable mecca for tourism and the hotel trade. We need to produce electricity in a different manner because things simply have to be powered by energy other than that obtained by burning hydrocarbons. There are many things that need to be done, but the problem is that no one is currently developing any plans without any philosophical flights of fantasy.
For me the choice was very simple. I worked for 19 years and I even had a pretty good career. I began as a temporary worker and in the end I landed up as a manager. I was very fortunate. I worked very hard and I believed everything that I was told, namely that if I worked hard and gave my all I would reap the benefits of the widespread growth. At a certain point, however, one day I simply realised that this was not so. I was working extremely hard, as a matter of fact all I was doing was working and I no longer had any time left to do the things that are important to me. The money that all my hard work brought in was needed to purchase useless things and indeed, more often than not, I was driven to spend money that I didn’t even have, using credit facilities to purchase things that I had to have in order to impress heaven alone knows who. This system was not bringing me any wellbeing at all, so at that point one has to do one’s sums and ask oneself “Is what I am doing making me feel good? Am I happy?”. I believe that life is like a recipe and a good recipe does not consist of only one ingredient, it needs many ingredients that are well mixed and well balanced and although this is merely my personal opinion, that was no longer my situation. I’m standing here wearing 4 or 5 jerseys, one on top of the other, because my house is ice-cold since I don’t have any central heating. All I can do is burn wood in the fireplace and that’s how I keep warm, standing a metre and a half away from the fireplace. As I move away from the fire, the house is ice-cold, but this has no effect whatsoever on my happiness or unhappiness, it’s simply a choice that I have made.
Every time I need to buy something, I tie myself to a cost that involves me becoming a slave and since these are not the things that make me truly happy, I would rather live with the problem of feeling cold in winter or having to resort to putting in a major effort to chop wood in order to warm myself up. I have realised that this kind of hard work is not something that is to be avoided at all costs, but rather something that is to be welcomed because all that lack of hard work that I perceive as being a comfortable office in Milan, or a hyper-heated home that swallows up tons of crude oil on a daily basis, that way of life, that lack of effort is not an indispensable resource and, if anything, everyone needs to do a good bit of hard work in life because that is what keeps us in touch with reality.
It was possible to change lifestyle. It would have been enough to spend less, reduce your personal consumption and it would have been enough to live in a place where homes cost 300 Euro per square metre and not 6-thousand Euro like in the big towns and where, just in passing, it costs you far less to do the shopping and where you are not obliged to eat out in restaurants 4 times a week and spend 6 or 7-Thousand Euro a year but you can cook at home instead. Here in La Spezia I eat fish morning, noon and night because that is one of the things that costs less and it is absolutely doable. My electricity bill for two months amounts to 15 or 18 Euro, I produce a good part of what I eat and yet I can still do far more, especially since I have just begun. This is just the beginning of a whole new life. I’m finding it hard, by all means, and over time I will learn to do other things even better, but it is by no means impossible. The only life that is impossible is the one that they tell us we should live, life in a big town doing jobs that we certainly would not have chosen if we had followed our true passion, earning money and seeking certainty. But how on earth can you seek certainty in a life in which the only real certainty is that we will die by the time we get to 90 years of age? Am I going to die any earlier just because I changed job? I too will die at 90, but at least in the meantime I will have tried my best to live because the other option would be death. These are our fears, fed by the advertising and disinformation, which would have us believe that if you leave your job, you’re screwed and if you opt out of the System you will never be able to go back.
Taking back our time
The rarest commodity around is time. Time, however, has one particularity, namely that while it is said that even money comes and goes, time goes and that’s it. Seneca knew this only too well two thousand years ago already, as did the pre-Socratics, the philosophy that has attempted to steer mankind in certain directions over time, and universal culture. We are the only ones that don’t appear to have realised this yet so, as if we had all the time in the world, we seem to continue to waste time from morning to evening throughout our life, doing things that don’t matter, in an attempt to live our lives in the most original and authentic manner possible, as if we have so much time to blow anyway and the time will come to do the things that really count. But the truth is that the perfect time will never come because that time is now. From now until then, assuming of course that that time will indeed come, we will have wasted time and this simple concept is reason enough for us to seek to change our own way of life. Since I stopped going to the office every day and began living on very little, I have tried to make the best possible use of my time. I live in a very different way and I feel a lot better for it because I now have lots of plans and lots of dreams to fulfil. The time at my disposal is now spent entirely on fulfilling those dreams, it is all for me and for the people that I love, who I can now finally go and visit. How sad are those telephone conversations, often with our best friend rather than a mere acquaintance, as and when we contact each other and the half of our conversation goes something like this: “Hi, how are you? It’s been too long, but you know how it goes…we really should get together again one of these evenings and spend some time together”, knowing full well that it’s not going to happen because we spend all of our time in the company of people that we never chose in the first place, more often than not with work colleagues that have been imposed on us and that we would dearly love to strangle with our bare hands but don’t, thank the Lord.
All that time is a treasure that we have wasted and that should make us lie awake at night, just thinking about how guilty we are of wasting so much time. One of the most urgent things that we have to do, crisis or no crisis, is precisely to take back control over our time and to try to live what we have left of our short time on Earth to the fullest because the truth is that we may not live to be 90, we could just as well die tomorrow due to illness or some other perfectly normal cause, something that actually happens to many. Furthermore, there are certain people walking around who are extremely superstitious and refuse to talk about such things. Now I don’t know where these people come from, perhaps from the Middle Ages, but those of us who, I trust, are modern people, can calmly discuss the fact that we could realistically die at any moment and we know not when that moment will be. The Gospel warns us to “Stay alert for ye know not when nor whence…”. Now I’m not Catholic, in fact I’m anticlerical, but I must admit that that is great book that we should somehow listen to.
Goodbye all and spread the word!
Postated by Beppe Grillo at 07:26 AM in Information | Comments (1) | Comments in Italian (translated) | Write | Sign up | Send to a friend

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